Level of evidence: High
Suitable for ages: 12+ years old (or from early permanent dentition)
Indications: Class II dental malocclusion, mild to moderate mandibular retrognathia, upper arch is well positioned to face and cranial base, mild to moderate incisor overjet, upright lower incisors (with the ability to procline further)
Contraindications: Severe mandible retrognathia, thin gingival biotype and periodontal attachment compromise of lower incisors
Treatment Objectives and Biomechanics
- Maintain upper incisors position
- Protract lower arch forward for Class II correction
- Procline lower incisors to reduce Class II incisors and overjet
Appliances
- Fixed appliances
- Clear aligners
- Functional appliances
